磨粒磨损中基体表面形成复合材料层的作用机理及其影响因素的考察

在工程应用中，存在着较低硬度表面比较高硬度表面耐磨性更好的现象，为了弄清其原因，用固定磨粒和活动磨粒分别研究了磨损过程中较低硬度基体表面的强化效应，在给定的试验条件下，固定磨粒和活动磨粒都能够在试件表面形成磨粒－铁复合材料层，从而使表层材料的硬度提高、耐磨性改善，使用寿命延长，其中固定磨粒的粒度越大，越有惠于复合材料层的形成；活动磨粒造成的增重效果更加明显，而且复合材料层也比较厚。复合材料层的开成     

稀土强韧化MoSi_2材料的室温性能

通过机械合金化 冷等静压 高温烧结工艺制备了MoSi2 和稀土 /MoSi2 两种材料 ,测定了它们的室温抗弯强度、断裂韧性和导电性。结果表明 :稀土比SiC对MoSi2 具有更好的强韧化综合作用 ;加入 0 .9%稀土后 ,稀土 /MoSi2 材料比MoSi2 基体的弯曲强度提高了 46 %至 419 41MPa、断裂韧性提高了 81%达 5 .81MPa·m 1 /2 ;其强化机制为细晶强化和弥散强化 ,韧化机制为细晶韧化、裂纹的偏转和弯曲韧化。且稀土比SiC晶须对MoSi2 材料的导电性影响程度小得多 ,0 .9%稀土的加入仅使MoSi2 材料的电阻率增高了约 13.9%。     

叠层结构陶瓷强韧化设计的力学分析

基于梁的理论和裂纹在异材界面上拐折与扩展条件,对叠层结构陶瓷弯曲试件的强度与韧性进行了力学分析,获得叠层结构中陶瓷基片和界面层的材料性能、结构几何参数与叠层结构弯曲强度、韧性间的定量解析关系,给出相应的影响曲线,并对Si3N4/BN叠层结构四点弯曲试样断裂功的理论值与实验结果作对比讨论。     

Experimental study of the growth of cholesteric fingers subjected to an AC electric field and a temperature gradient

We study the behaviour of cholesteric fingers of the first and second types (CF1 and CF2, respectively) which form in cholesteric samples treated for homeotropic anchoring when they are subjected to the combined action of an AC electric field and a temperature gradient. We investigate under which conditions each type of finger can drift and form a spiral. We then show that the ends of the growing CF1 follow circular trajectories, the curvatures of which depend linearly on the temperature gradient. This observation opens the possibility of measuring the thermal Lehmann coefficient in any cholesteric liquid crystal at all temperatures.     

电子束纵向磁聚焦的计算机模拟

给出了用VB模拟电子束纵向磁聚焦的绘图子程序。     

Spiral Wave in Small-World Networks of Hodgkin--Huxley Neurons

The effect of small-world connection and noise on the formation and transitionof spiral wave in the networks of Hodgkin-Huxley neurons are investigated in detail. Some interesting results are found in our numerical studies. i) The quiescent neurons are activated to propagate electric signal to others by generating and developing spiral wave from spiral seed in small area. ii) A statistical factor is defined to describe the collective properties and phase transition induced by the topology of networks and noise. iii) Stable rotating spiral wave can be generated and keeps robust when the rewiring probability is below certain threshold, otherwise, spiral wave can not be developed from the spiral seed and spiral wave breakup occurs for a stable rotating spiral wave. iv) Gaussian white noise is introduced on the membrane of neuronsto study the noise-induced phase transition on spiral wave in small-world networks of neurons. It is confirmed that Gaussian white noise plays active role in supporting and developing spiral wave in the networks of neurons, and appearance of smaller factor of synchronization indicates high possibility to induce spiral wave.     

激发介质中去极化对螺旋波动力学影响的数值研究

考虑可激发介质的不应态可以被激发,在Bar模型中引入去极化行为,研究去极化对稳定螺旋波的影响.数值模拟结果显示,适当选择去极化阈值、去极化激发时间,可以使螺旋波漂移、漫游,甚至使螺旋波漫游出系统边界,还可以使系统出现宽臂螺旋波、双臂螺旋波、双峰波、多个螺旋波共存、时空混沌等现象.对产生这些现象的机理进行了分析.     

Dynamics of Spiral Waves Induced by Periodic Mechanical Deformation with Phase Difference

The dynamics of spiral waves under the influences of periodic mechanical deformation are studied. Here, the mechanical deformation propagating along the medium with phase differences are considered. It is found that weak mechanical deformation may lead to resonant drift of spiral waves. The drift direction and velocity can be changed by the wave length of the deformation. Strong mechanical deformation may result in breakup of spiral waves. The characteristics of breakup are discussed. The critical amplitudes are determined by two factors, i.e. the wave length and frequency of the periodic mechanical deformation. When the wave length of mechanical deformation is comparable to the spiral wave, simulation shows that the critical amplitude is substantially increased. As the frequency of the mechanical deformation is around 1.5 times of the spiral wave, the critical amplitudes are minimal.     

具有早期后除极化现象的可激发系统中螺旋波破碎方式研究

在Greenberg-Hasting元胞自动机模型中引入了正常元胞和老化元胞,并规定只有老化元胞存在早期后除极化现象且早期后除极化可以激发其他元胞.在正常元胞和老化元胞均匀分布的情况下,研究了早期后除极化对螺旋波演化行为的影响,重点探讨了早期后除极化导致的螺旋波破碎方式.数值模拟结果表明:早期后除极化在比率约为26.4%的少数情况下不对螺旋波产生影响,在其他情况下则会对螺旋波产生各种影响,包括使螺旋波漫游、漂移、波臂发生形变以及导致螺旋波破碎和消失等.观察到早期后除极化通过传导障碍消失和通过转变为反靶波消失,早期后除极化导致螺旋波破碎有8种方式,包括非对称破缺导致的破碎、对称破缺导致的破碎、同时激发双波导致的破碎、非对称激发导致的破碎、整体传导障碍导致的破碎、整体快速破碎等.分析发现这些螺旋波破碎现象都与早期后除极化产生回火波有关,得到螺旋波破碎的总比率通常约为13.8%,但是在适当选取老化元胞密度和早期后除极化的激发下,螺旋波破碎比率可达到32.4%,这些结果与心律失常致死的统计结果基本一致,本文对产生这些现象的物理机理做了简要分析.     

在兴奋-抑制混沌神经元网络中有序波的自发形成

大脑皮层在一定条件下可以自发出现螺旋波和平面波,为了了解这些有序波的产生机制,构造了一个双层的二维神经元网络.该网络由最近邻兴奋性耦合和长程抑制性耦合层组成,采用修改后的Hindmarsh-Rose神经元模型研究了该混沌神经元网络从具有随机相位分布的初态演化是否能自发出现各种有序波.数值模拟结果表明:当抑制性耦合强度比较小时,系统一般不会自发出现有序波;在兴奋性耦合强度足够大的情况下,抑制性耦合强度越大,系统越容易产生有序波.系统出现不同的有序波与系统初态和耦合强度有密切关系,适当选择兴奋性和抑制性耦合的耦合强度,系统会自发出现迷宫斑图、平面波、单螺旋波、多螺旋波、旋转方向相反的螺旋波对、双臂螺旋波、靶波、向内方形波等有序波斑图.螺旋波、迷宫斑图和内向方形波出现概率分别达到27.5%, 21.5%和10.0%,这里的迷宫斑图是由不同传播方向的许多平面波组成,其他有序波出现概率比较小.研究结果有助于理解发生在大脑皮层中的自组织现象.